Mechanism of Fatigue-Crack Growth under Compressive External Stresses

A specimen with a crack shaped like a thin long defect with parallel edges and a rounded tip of finite radius is considered. When the specimen is subjected to compressive cyclic loads, the stresses in zones adjacent to the crack tip vary according to a sign-variable cycle because of plastic strains occurring at the crack tip. This can cause fatigue-crack growth. Results of numerical simulations and experimental data support the possibility of fatigue-crack growth in the field of compressive external stresses. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 108–115, November–December, 2005.     

Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

A criterion for the onset of growth of two shear cracks in an elastic body under plane-strain conditions

The Wiener-Hopf method is used to find a solution to a symmetric problem that gives a criterion for the onset of growth of long shear cracks emanating from a corner point on the boundary of a hole and filled with a plastic material __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 83–90, April 2006.     

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基于27种合金钢与铝合金的机械、力学性能，分析对比了3种理论估算疲劳极限方法的估 算结果，发现3种方法中只有两种方法能够比较精确地估算材料的疲劳极限; 当引 入强度系数和应变硬化指数与常规机械与力学性能的关系之后，这两种方法都可借助材料的 常规机械与力学性能估算疲劳极限，估算过程中的限制性条件``高强度钢'应予取消.     

Modification of the fracture criterion for V-shaped notches (plane problem). Relationship between toughness and strength and structural parameters

A fracture criterion of the type of the Neuber-Novozhilov criterion is proposed to describe the fracture in the vicinity of the tip of a V-shaped notch under tensile and shear loading. In the proposed criterion, the limits of averaging of the stresses along the notch axis depend on the presence, location, and size of the initial defects in the material. The crystal lattice parameter of the initial material is chosen for the characteristic linear size. For a V-shaped notch subjected to tension and shear, simple equations are obtained that relate the stress intensity factors for the modified singularity coefficients, the singularity coefficients themselves, and the theoretical tensile and shear strengths of a single crystal of the material taking into account the damage to the material in the vicinity of the notch tip. The equations obtained allow a passage to the limit from a notch to a crack. It is shown that the classical critical stress intensity factor used in the strength analysis of cracked solids is not a material constant.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 106–115, January–February, 2005.     

疲劳可靠性二维概率MINER准则

给出在裂纹起始阶段疲劳损伤演化规律的四个基本假设，即单调增、无耦合、可分高、不相交，由损伤力学原理得到等幅加载下个体Ｄ－Ｓ＿ａ－Ｓ＿ｍ－Ｎ等损伤曲面，推导出二维个体Ｍｉｎｅｒ准则，进而建立了母体在变幅以及随机时间历程加载下的二维概率Ｍｉｎｅｒ准则（Ｔｗｏ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＰｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｓｔｉｃＭｉｎｅｒ’ｓＲｕｌｅ，即ＴＰＭＩＮＥＲ），并用测度论给予了证明．试验数据验证结果显示ＴＰＭＩＮＥＲ的预测值与试验值吻合良好，对工程结构疲劳可靠性分析有较好的应用价值．     

压荷载下类岩石材料中的锯齿形裂纹分析

针对类岩石材料的复杂性和非均质性，特别是材料中一些强度相对较弱的晶界的存在等，对形状较为复杂的两种锯齿形裂纹：内张型滑动裂纹和单翼滑动裂纹的应力强度因子进行了分析．结合经典的滑动裂纹模型，讨论了裂纹起裂角、侧压以及翼裂长度等对应力强度因子的影响．分析的结果为进一步研究类岩石材料的断裂损伤机理提供了理论基础．     

结构元件安全评估与监控的风险预测方法

提出了一种评估结构疲劳可靠性的方法－风险预测方法。该方法利用结构在服股过役过程中的信息,在考虑了工程结构承采载荷的各态历经性的基础上,结合了结构元件寿命机分布形式和Ｍｉｎｅｒ线性累积损伤理论,以风险值来评价并监控结构元件在不同时间失效的危险性,并用算例和试验结果进行对比分析。     

基于韧性耗散模型的损伤定量分析方法

材料的静力韧性便于工程测量,对疲劳损伤较其它宏观损伤变量更敏感。本文以材料静力韧性为宏观损伤变量,依据疲劳过程中金属材料韧性随疲劳循环加载而变化的实验结果的规律分析,得到了应力和循环数表达的损伤演化方程和损伤累积模型。该模型能较好地反映加载顺序的影响。推导出该疲劳损伤累积模型在多级加载下的递推公式。经四种金属材料疲劳试验数据验证结果表明,该模型预测疲劳寿命是较为满意的。由于疲劳试验数据分散性大,结果有待进一步验证。     

用三维光弹法确定轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹应力强度因子及其修正系数

用三维光弹法测定了轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹的应力强度因子，并分析计算了应力强度因子修正系数，结果表明，应力强度因子的分布型式对加载条件和裂纹几何不敏感；修正系数对裂纹深度呈现对称分布趋势，仅取决于裂纹几何参数。